We all have those ah-ha moments in life when things we thought to be true turn out not to be. For some women, one of those ah-ha moments may come after learning about endometriosis—a condition in which the tissue that forms the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) is found outside the uterus where it doesn’t belong.¹

Still, determining what the real story is when first learning about endometriosis and what you can do about it is often harder than it should be. Below are some common myths about endometriosis, along with real facts everyone should know.

Myth: Endometriosis is rare.
Fact: One in 10 women of reproductive age in the United States have endometriosis—making it one of the most common gynecologic disorders, ^1-4 but that only includes women who have been diagnosed.

Myth: Endometriosis pain just feels like bad period pain.
Fact: Although pelvic and lower back pain before, during and after periods is common, endometriosis pain is not the same as bad period pain.^1,5 The reason endometriosis can be so painful is because the tissue that typically lines the uterus is also growing outside the uterus, which is quite different from standard uterine cramping during menstruation.¹ The pain of endometriosis is real and can be quite severe.⁵ If your own pain limits your daily activities—it’s time to talk to your healthcare provider.

Myth: It‘s easy to get diagnosed with endometriosis.
Fact: Diagnosis for women with endometriosis is often delayed, sometimes by as much as up to six to 10 years.^6,7 Why? Symptoms may be dismissed as “just bad periods.” This is especially true of younger women.⁵ Additional factors that can delay diagnosis are that endo pain comes and goes, and other associated symptoms mimic other conditions, like diarrhea and constipation, fatigue or bloating.⁵ Endometriosis pain can also be hard to define because it takes many forms, so pain during sex, pain during urination, pain with bowel movements and lower back pain may delay how quickly a woman or her healthcare provider may seriously consider endometriosis as a possibility. ^1,5 It is important to be an advocate for yourself and proactively discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider.

Myth: Surgery can cure endometriosis.
Fact: There is no universal cure for endometriosis. However, there are a number of options available for treating and managing the disease after diagnosis. While a surgical procedure aims to remove existing endometriotic tissue and scar tissue, it does not correct the underlying causes for growth of endometrial tissue.⁸

Myth: No one in your family has endometriosis so you probably don‘t either.
Fact: While there do appear to be some genetic risk factors, the causes of endometriosis are believed to be too complex to solely attribute to genes.⁸ Most scientists think it could relate to a process called retrograde menstruation, which occurs when tissue that lines the inside of your uterus flows out in the wrong direction, through your fallopian tubes, during your period.⁹

Myth: Surgery is the only treatment option for endometriosis.
Fact: There is no cure for endometriosis, but a number of treatment options are available to help manage pain associated with endometriosis.⁸

Professional society guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, recommend maximizing medical management to avoid multiple surgeries.¹⁰ They also recommend the use of a variety of medical options as initial treatment for women with endometriosis-related pain.¹⁰ It’s important to individualize your treatment approach with your healthcare provider to help determine what may work best for you and your treatment goals.

Medical Management: ¹¹

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) can help alleviate the menstrual cramps that are common with endometriosis.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists block GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. This leads to the body producing less estrogen. Lower estrogen levels can help relieve endometriosis pain. Discover a treatment option for moderate to severe endometriosis pain. Learn more and ask your doctor if it could be right for you.
• Hormonal birth control can prevent estrogen fluctuation, which may reduce endometriosis-associated pain during the period, and can be used in several ways. Some include: birth control pills, IUDs (intrauterine devices), progestin injection or implants
• GnRH agonists stimulate GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland, causing the receptors to become less sensitive, which leads to a lower production of estrogen that can in turn help relieve endometriosis pain.
• Surgical Management: Surgical interventions may also be considered to remove endometrial lesions laparoscopically, which is a minimally invasive surgery that can be used to diagnose endometriosis and remove lesions, via ablation (to destroy the surface of lesions) or excision (to cut out lesion tissue), which can help relieve endometriosis pain, as well as hysterectomy (to remove the entire uterus) – but this procedure is typically reserved for the most extreme cases.¹¹

For more information on endometriosis, check out these resources from HealthyWomen:

What Do We Know About Endometriosis, Its Symptoms and Risk Factors?

What You Don’t Know About Endometriosis Could Hurt You

What Are Your Options for Managing Endometriosis?

What Do Researchers Know About Endometriosis Now?

View all endometriosis content on HealthyWomen.

References:

1. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Frequently Asked Questions FAQ013: Gynecologic Problems. Washington, DC: October 2012
2. Seli E, BerkkanogluM, Arici A. Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of America. 2003; 30: 41-61
3. Fuldeore M, Soliman A. Prevalence and Symptomatic Burden of Diagnosed Endometriosis in the United States: National Estimates from a Cross-Sectional Survey of 59,411 Women. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2017; 82: 453-461
4. Signorile P, Baldi A. New evidence in endometriosis. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2015; 60: 19-22.
5. Taylor M, RN. Endometriosis –A Missed Malady. AORN Journal. 2003; 77(2): 298-313.
6. K. Nnoaham et al. Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries. Fertil Steril. 2011; 96(2): 366-373.
7. L. Giudice. Endometriosis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010 362;25.
8. WomensHealth.gov. Endometriosis. April 2019. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/endometriosis.
9. Mayo Clinic. Endometriosis. October 2019. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometriosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354656
10. The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Treatment Of Pelvic Pain Associated With Endometriosis: A Committee Opinion. Fertil Steril. 2014 Apr;101(4):927-35.
11. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. What are the Treatments for Endometriosis? January 2017. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo/treatment